In the name of Allah, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful.
‘Allâh! Lâ ilâha illa Huwa (none has the right to be worshipped but He), the Ever Living, the One Who sustains and protects all that exists. Neither slumber, nor sleep overtake Him. To Him belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on earth. Who is he that can intercede with Him except with His Permission? He knows what happens to them (His creatures) in this world, and what will happen to them in the Hereafter And they will never compass anything of His Knowledge except that which He wills. His Kursî[] extends over the heavens and the earth, and He feels no fatigue in guarding and preserving them. And He is the Most High, the Most Great.’ 2 Al-Baqarah 255
This book should not be considered as Tafseer (explanation of the holly Qur’an). It is only intended to show how great are the creations of Allah SWT and proves that Qur’an is the truth from the great creator of the universe. May Allah SWT forgive me for any mistake and reward me only for my intention.
Preface
In the name of Allah, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful.
This book is intended for non-Muslims who are looking for the truth. It is also intended for Muslims who want to increase their faith. The book provides evidences that Qur’an verses are the words of God, Allah Almighty, by refereeing to the new discoveries in our extremely huge universe. It also shows that the greatness of the creations of the Earth and heavens is an indication for the greatness of the creator, Allah Almighty.
The use of new technology in astronomy, in the 20th century, has enabled us to explorer the universe. Scientists are now able to identify the origin of the universe and its current situation, and to predict its end. These topics are explained, in this book, from scientific point of view and compared with what stated in the holy Qur’an that have been sent down by Allah Almighty to the prophet Mohamed peace upon him, 1400 years ago. And indeed as Allah Almighty said:
The creation of the heavens and the earth is indeed greater than the creation of mankind, yet most of mankind know not.
Other Astronomical phenomena, such as the life and death of stars, are explained in the remaining chapters. In addition, a view on the possibility of life on other Earth-like planets is given from a scientific and Qur’anic point of view.
‘Allâh! Lâ ilâha illa Huwa (none has the right to be worshipped but He), the Ever Living, the One Who sustains and protects all that exists. Neither slumber, nor sleep overtake Him. To Him belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on earth. Who is he that can intercede with Him except with His Permission? He knows what happens to them (His creatures) in this world, and what will happen to them in the Hereafter And they will never compass anything of His Knowledge except that which He wills. His Kursî[] extends over the heavens and the earth, and He feels no fatigue in guarding and preserving them. And He is the Most High, the Most Great.’ 2 Al-Baqarah 255
This book should not be considered as Tafseer (explanation of the holly Qur’an). It is only intended to show how great are the creations of Allah SWT and proves that Qur’an is the truth from the great creator of the universe. May Allah SWT forgive me for any mistake and reward me only for my intention.
Preface
In the name of Allah, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful.
This book is intended for non-Muslims who are looking for the truth. It is also intended for Muslims who want to increase their faith. The book provides evidences that Qur’an verses are the words of God, Allah Almighty, by refereeing to the new discoveries in our extremely huge universe. It also shows that the greatness of the creations of the Earth and heavens is an indication for the greatness of the creator, Allah Almighty.
The use of new technology in astronomy, in the 20th century, has enabled us to explorer the universe. Scientists are now able to identify the origin of the universe and its current situation, and to predict its end. These topics are explained, in this book, from scientific point of view and compared with what stated in the holy Qur’an that have been sent down by Allah Almighty to the prophet Mohamed peace upon him, 1400 years ago. And indeed as Allah Almighty said:
The creation of the heavens and the earth is indeed greater than the creation of mankind, yet most of mankind know not.
- The creation of the universe
Allah Almighty said:
Have not those who disbelieve known that the heavens and the Earth were joined together as one united piece, then We parted them? And We have made from water every living thing. Will they not then believe?
The advanced technology in astronomy during the last century had enabled us to explore the universe and identify its origin. Our universe consists of billions of galaxies that are disks of stars in the celestial sphere. Each galaxy contains billions of stars. The celestial sphere was defined by early astronomers as a complete imaginary sphere encircling the Earth as shown in Figure 1. Its poles are aligned with the poles of the Earth. The north celestial pole and the south celestial pole are the north and south poles extended into space. The celestial equator lies in the same plane as the Earth's equator, but at a much greater radius. The horizon lies in a horizontal plane and changes according to the position on the Earth.
Our Sun belongs to the Milky Way galaxy that was observed by Galileo in 1609 using his well know telescope. The Milky Way galaxy is an enormous spiral disk and contains about 200 billion stars, as shown in Figure 2. It takes light 100 000 years to traverse the Milky Way Galaxy. In 1924, Edwin Hubble had explored other galaxies in the universe. He found that a sphere of a radius 1.2 billion light years contained 24 million galaxies. A light year is a unit of distance and is equivalent to 5.86 million million miles (5.86 X 10 ^12 miles). It is calculated as the distance that light travels in one year. As the speed of light is 186 000 miles per second, thus the light-year is 186 000 miles/sec X 60 sec/min X 60 min/hr X 24 hr/day X 365 days/yr. It is a convenient distance unit, used by astronomers, to describe the huge distances between stars and galaxies. Hubble estimated the average diameter of a galaxy as 30 000 light years (i.e. 30 000 X 5.86 X 10^12 miles= 175.8 X 10^15 miles) and the distance between galaxies as 10 million light years (i.e. 10 000 000 X 5.86H10^12 miles= 5.86 X 10^19 miles).
In 1929, Edwin Hubble found that all galaxies are moving away from us with a speed directly proportional to their distance. His well known equation is simply written as: V=K X R, where V is the galaxy speed in miles per second, R is the distance between us and the galaxy in million light years and K is a constant that was determined as 20 miles/sec per million light years. The highest speed of stars in a galaxy moving away from us was found as 100 000 miles per second (a distance of 5 billion light years away from us). Although Hubble equation assumes that the expansion is at a constant rate, this assumption is not perfectly true as the expansion is decelerating due to the presence of matter in the universe. However, this deceleration is assumed to be small and is ignored.